評估單獨使用Xylazine或Dexmedetomidine於白鼻心之作用與 ...

Bartram DH, Diamond MJ, Tute AS, Trafford AW, Jones RS. Use of medetomidine and butorphanol for sedation in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 35: 495-498, 1994. 10. Skipnavigation 中文 English 中興大學機構典藏NCHUInstitutionalRepository 中興大學機構典藏DSpace系統致力於保存各式數位資料（如：文字、圖片、PDF）並使其易於取用。

NCHUInstitutionRepository 獸醫學院 獸醫學系所 請用此HandleURI來引用此文件： http://hdl.handle.net/11455/13095 標題: 評估單獨使用Xylazine或Dexmedetomidine於白鼻心之作用與Atipamezole之翻轉效果EvaluationoftheEffectsofXylazineorDexmedetomidineandtheReversalEffectsofAtipamezoleinFormosanGem-facedCivet(Pagumalarvatataivana) 作者: 楊崇君Yang,Chung-Chun 關鍵字: FormosanGem-facedCivet;白鼻心;sedation;dexmedetomidine;xylazine;atipamezole;鎮靜;dexmedetomidine;xylazine;atipamezole 出版社: 獸醫學系暨研究所 引用: 1. 李珊珊。

Tiletamine-zolazepam與Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Medetomidine於保定黃鼠狼（Mustelasibiricadavidiana）之應用研究。

碩士論文。

國立中興大學獸醫學系。

台中市，中華民國。

2008。

2. 楊志寰、陳慶宗、董光中、李衛民、徐慶霖。

台灣白鼻狸貓之Xylazine-Ketamine麻醉與Yohimbine之拮抗作用。

中華民國獸醫學會雜誌24：264-271，1998。

3. 鄭世嘉。

臺灣特有亞種白鼻心之生物學研究。

碩士論文。

國立師範大學生物研究所。

台北市，中華民國。

1991。

4. 鄭錫奇、姚正得、許富雄、陳元龍、林德恩、賴肅如等。

台灣保育類野生動物圖鑑，再版。

農委會特有生物中心。

南投縣集集鎮，中華民國。

62-63，2007。

5. AddisonEM,KolenoskyGB.UseofKetaminehydrochlorideandxylazinehydrochloridetoimmobilizeblackbears(Ursusamericanus).JWildlDis15:253-8,1979. 6. AntonaccioMJ,RobsonRD,KerwinL.Evidenceforincreasedvagaltoneandenhancementofbaroreceptorreflexactivityafterxylazine(2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-4-H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazine)inanesthetizeddogs.EurJPharmacol23:311-316,1973. 7. AzizMA,MartinRJ.Alphaagonistandlocalanestheticpropertiesofxylazine.ZentralblVeterinarmedA25:181-188,1978. 8. BakrisGL,CrossPD,HammarstemJE.Theuseofclonidineformanagementofopiateabstinenceinachronicpainpatient.MayoClinProc57:657-660,1982. 9. BartramDH,DiamondMJ,TuteAS,TraffordAW,JonesRS.Useofmedetomidineandbutorphanolforsedationindogs.JSmallAnimPract35:495-498,1994. 10. BennettRC,SteffeyEP,Kollias-BakerC,etal.Influenceofmorphinesulfateonthehalothanesparingeffectofxylazinehydrochlorideinhorses.AmJVetRes65:519-526,2004. 11. BensonGJ,ThurmonJC,Neff-DavisCA,etal.Effectofxylazinehydrochlorideuponplasmaglucoseandseruminsulinconcentrationsinadultpointerdogs.JAmAnimHospAssoc20:791-794,1984. 12. BransonК,КоJCH,TranquilliWJ,ThurmonJC.Durationofanalgesiainducedbyepidurallyadministeredmorphineandmedetomidineindogs.JVetPharmacolTher16:369-372,1993. 13. BroadstoneRV,GrayPR,RobinsonNE,etal.Effectsofxylazineonairwayfunctioninponieswithrecurrentairwayobstruction.AmJVetRes53:1813-1817,1992. 14. BrowningS,LawrenceD,Livingston,MorrisB.Interactionsofdrugsactiveatopiatereceptorsanddrugsactiveatalpha2-receptorsonvarioustestsystems.BrJPharmacol11:487-191,1982. 15. BuenoAC,Cornick-SeahornJ,SeahornTL,etal.Cardiopulmonaryandsedativeeffectsofintravenousadministrationoflowdosesofmedetomidineandxylazinetoadulthorses.AmJVetRes60:1371-1376,1999. 16. BuenoAC,Cornick-SeahornJ,SeahornTL,etal.Cardiopulmonaryandsedativeeffectsofintravenousadministrationoflowdosesofmedetomidineandxylazinetoadulthorses.AmJVetRes60:1371-1376,1999. 17. BurkeJA,PotterDE.Theoculareffectsofxylazineinrabbits,cats,andmonkeys.JOculPharmacol2:9-21,1986. 18. CampagnolD,TeixeiraNetoFJ,GiordanoT,FerreiraTH,MonteiroER.Effectsofepiduraladministrationofdexmedetomidineontheminimumalveolarconcentrationofisofluraneindogs.AmJVetRes68:1308-1318,2007. 19. CampbellKB,KlavanoPA,RichardsonP,etal.Hemodynamiceffectsofxylazineinthecalf.AmJVetRes40:1777-1780,1979. 20. CattetMR,CaulkettNA,LunnNJ.Anesthesiaofgrizzlybearsusingxylazine-zolazepam-tiletamineorzolazepam-tiletamine.JWildlDis39:655-664,2003. 21. CattetMR,ObbardME.Useofhyaluronidasetoimprovechemicalimmobilizationoffree-rangingpolarbears(Ursusmaritimus).JWildlDis46:246-250,2010. 22. ChamberlainPL,BrynesSD.Theregulatorystatusofxylazineforuseinfood-producinganimalsintheUnitedStates.JVetPharmacolTher21:322-329,1998. 23. CloughDP,HattonR.Hypotensiveandsedativeeffectsofalphaadrenoceptoragonists:Relationshiptoalpha1-andalpha2-adrenoceptorpotency.BrJPharmacol73:595-604,1981. 24. DukeT,KomulainenA,RemediosA,CribbPH.Theanalgesiceffectsofadministeringfentanylormedetomidineinthelumbosacralepiduralspaceofcats.JVetSurg23:143-148,1994. 25. EnglandGC,ClarkeKW,GoossensL.Acomparisonofthesedativeeffectsofthreealpha2-adrenoceptoragonists(romifidine,detomidineandxylazine)inthehorse.JVetPharmacolTher15:194-201,1992. 26. FisherPG.StandardsofCareinthe21stCentury:TheRabbit.JExoticPetMed19:22-35,2010. 27. FuentesVO.Suddendeathinastallionafterxylazinemedication.VetRec102:106,1978. 28. Garcia-VillarR,ToutainPL,AlvinericM,RuckebuschY.Thepharmacokineticsofxylazinehydrochloride:Aninterspecificstudy.JVetPharmacolTher4:87-92,1981. 29. GranholmM,McKusickBC,WesterholmFC,AspegrenJC.Evaluationoftheclinicalefficacyandsafetyofintramuscularandintravenousdosesofdexmedetomidineandmedetomidineindogsandtheirreversalwithatipamezole.VetRec160:891-897,2007. 30. GranholmM,McKusickBC,WesterholmFC,AspegrenJC.Evaluationoftheclinicalefficacyandsafetyofdexmedetomidineormedetomidineincatsandtheirreversalwithatipamezole.VetAnaesthAnalg33:214-223,2006. 31. GreeneSA,ThurmonJC.Xylazine:Areviewofitspharmacologyanduseinveterinarymedicine.JVetPharmacolTher11:295-313,1988. 32. HaskinsSC,PatzJD,FarverТВ.Xylazineandxylazine-ketamineindogs.AmJVetRes47:636-641,1986. 33. HatchRC,KitzmanJV,ZahnerJM,etal.Comparisonoffivepreanestheticmedicamentsinthiopental-anesthetizedcats:Antagonismbyselectedcompounds.AmJVetRes45:2322-2327,1984. 34. HatchRC,WilsonRC,JerniganAD,etal.Reversalofthiopentalinducedanesthesiaby4-aminopyridine,yohimbine,anddoxapramindogspretreatedwithxylazineoracepromazine.AmJVetRes46:1473-1478,1985. 35. HikasaY,OgasawaraS,TakaseK.Alphaadrenoceptorsubtypesinvolvedintheemeticactionindogs.JPharmacolExpTher261:746-754,1992. 36. HoffmanPE.Clinicalevaluationofxylazineasachemicalrestrainingagent,sedative,andanalgesicinhorses.JAmVetMedAssoc164:42-15,1974. 37. HsuWH,BettsDM,LeeP.Xylazine-inducedmydriasis:Possibleinvolvementofacentralpostsynapticregulationofparasympathetictone.JVetPharmacolTher4:209-214,1981. 38. HsuWH,LeeP,BettsDM.Xylazine-inducedmydriasisinratsanditsantagonismbyalpha-adrenergicblockingagents.JVetPharmacolTher4:97-101,1981. 39. HsuWH,McNeelSV.Effectofyohimbineonxylazine-inducedprolongationofgastrointestinaltransitindogs.JAmVetMedAssoc183:297-300,1983. 40. HsuWH.Xylazine-induceddepressionanditsantagonismbyalphaadrenergicblockingagents.JPharmacolExpTher218:188-192,1981. 41. HubbellJA,MuirWW.Effectofxylazinehydrochlorideoncaninesplenicweight:Anindexofvascularcapacity.AmJVetRes43:2188-2192,1982. 42. JanssonCC,KukkonenJP,Na‥smanJetal.Proteanagonismata2A-adrenoceptors.MolPharmacol53:963-968,1998. 43. JanssonCC,Marjama‥kiA,LuomalaKetal.Couplingofhumana2-adrenoceptorsubtypestoregulationofcAMPproductionintransfectedS115cells.EurJPharmacol266:165-174,1994. 44. JohnsonCA,BeemsterboerJM,GrayPR,etal.Effectsofvarioussedativesonaircystometryindogs.AmJVetRes49:1525-1528,1988. 45. JonesRS.Epiduralanalgesiainthedogandcat.VetJ161:123-131,2001. 46. KalpravidhM,LumbWV,WrightM,etal.Effectsofbutorphanol,flunixin,levorphanol,morphine,andxylazineinponies.AmJVetRes45:217-223,1984. 47. KerrDD,JonesEW,HugginsK,etal.Sedativeandothereffectsofxylazinegivenintravenouslytohorses.AmJVetRes33:525-532,1972. 48. KevinEatwell.Optionsforanalgesiaandanaesthesiainreptiles.InPractice32:306-311,2010. 49. KleinLV,BaetjerC.Preliminaryreport:Xylazineandmorphinesedationinhorses.VetAnesthesiol1:2-6,1974. 50. KlideAM,CalderwoodHW,SomaLR.Cardiopulmonaryeffectsofxylazineindogs.AmJVetRes36:931-935,1975. 51. KoJC,BermanAG.Anesthesiainsheltermedicine.TopCompanionAnimMed25:92-97,2010. 52. KolataRJ,RawlingsCA.Cardiopulmonaryeffectsofintravenousxylazine.ketamine,andatropineinthedog.AmJVetRes43:2196-2198,1982. 53. KuuselaE,RaekallioM,VaisanenM,MykkanenK,RopponenH,VainioO.Comparisonofmedetomidineanddexmedetomidineaspremedicantsindogsundergoingpropofol-isofluraneanesthesia.AmJVetRes62:1073-1080,2001a. 54. KuuselaE,VainioO,KaistinenA,KobylinS,RaekallioM.Sedative,analgesic,andcardiovasculareffectsoflevomedetomidinealoneandincombinationwithdexmedetomidineindogs.AmJVetRes62:616-621,2001b. 55. LavoieJP,PascoeJR.KurpershoekCJ.Effectsofxylazineonventilationinhorses.AmJVetRes53:916-920,1992. 56. LeeJ,SchweinsburgR,KernanF,HaighJ.Immobilizationofpolarbears(Ursusmaritimus,Phipps)withketaminehydrochlorideandxylazinehydrochloride.JWildlDis17:331-6,1981. 57. LemkeKA.AnticholinergicsandSedatives.In:TranquilliWJ,ThurmonJC,GrimmKA,eds.Lumb&Jones''VeterinaryAnesthesiaandAnalgesia.4thed.BlackwellPublishing,Iowa,203-240,2007. 58. LennoxAM.Careofthegeriatricrabbit.VetClinNorthAmExotAnimPract.13:123-133,2010. 59. LeppanenMK,McKusickBC,GranholmMM,WesterholmFC,TulamoR,ShortCE.Clinicalefficacyandsafetyofdexmedetomidineandbuprenorphine,butorphanolordiazepamforcaninehipradiography.JSmallAnimPract47:663-669,2006. 60. LesterGD,BoltonJR,CullenLK,etal.Effectsofgeneralanesthesiaonmyoelectricactivityoftheintestineinhorses.AmJVetRes53:1553-1557,1992. 61. LewisJW,LiebeskindJC.Painsuppressivesystemsofthebrain.TrendsPharmacolSci4:73-75,1983. 62. MartinPR,EbertMH,GordonEK,LinnoilaM,KopinIJ.Effectsofclonidineoncentralandperipheralcatecholaminemetabolism.ClinPharmacolTher35:322-327,1984. 63. McCashinFB,GabelAA.Evaluationofxylazineasasedativeandpreanestheticagentinhorses.AmJVetRes36:1421-1429,1975. 64. McNeelSV,HsuWH.Xylazine-inducedprolongationofgastrointestinaltransitindogs:Reversalbyyohimbineandpotentiationbydoxapram.JAmVetMedAssoc185:878-881,1984. 65. MoensY,LanzF,DoherrMG,etal.Acomparisonoftheantinociceptiveeffectsofxylazine,detomidineandromifidineonexperimentalpaininhorses.VetAnaesthAnalg30:183-190,2003. 66. MonteiroER,CampagnolD,ParrilhaLR,FurlanLZ.Evaluationofcardiorespiratoryeffectsofcombinationsofdexmedetomidineandatropineincats.JFelineMedSurg11:783-792,2009. 67. MontiJM.Catecholaminesandthesleep-wakecycle.I.EEGandbehavioralarousal.LifeSci30:1145-1157,1982. 68. MoreauPM,LeesGE,GrossDR.Simultaneouscystometryanduroflowmetry(micturitionstudy)forevaluationofthecaudalpartoftheurinarytractindogs:Referencevaluesforhealthyanimalssedatedwithxylazine.AmJVetRes44:1774-1781,1983. 69. MudappaD,ChellamR.CaptureandimmobilizationofwildbrownpalmcivetsinWesternGhats.JWildlDis37:383-386,2001. 70. MuirWW,HubbellJAE.In:α2-Agonist.Handbookofveterinaryanesthesia.4thed.MosbyElsevier,St.Louis,USA,36-38,2007. 71. MuirWW,RobertsonJT.Visceralanalgesia:Effectsofxylazine,butorphanol,meperidine,andpentazocineinhorses.AmJVetRes46:2081-2084,1985 72. MurrellJC,HellebrekersLJ.Medetomidineanddexmedetomidine:areviewofcardiovasculareffectsandantinociceptivepropertiesinthedog.VetAnaesthAnalg32:117-127,2005. 73. NakamuraК,HaraS,TomizawaN.Theeffectsofmedetomidineandxylazineongastrointestinalmotilityandgastrinreleaseinthedog.JVetPharmacolTher20:290-295,1997. 74. Nauka,Moskva,RUSSIE,FEDERATIONDE.Captureandimmobilizationofasiaticblackandbrownbearsforradiomarking.Zoologičeskijžurnal84:1508-1515,2005. 75. PageCD.Slothbearimmobilizationwithaketamine-xylazinecombination:reversalwithyohimbine.JAmVetMedAssoc189:1050-1051,1986. 76. PascoePJ,RaekallioM,KuuselaE,McKusickB,GranholmM.Changesintheminimumalveolarconcentrationofisofluraneandsomecardiopulmonarymeasurementsduringthreecontinuousinfusionratesofdexmedetomidineindogs.VetAnaesthAnalg33:97-103,2006. 77. PatelVR,GosalbezR,CastellanM.Comparisonbetweenureteralreplacementsusingatransversetabularizedcolonictubeorilealureter:experimentalstudyindogs.JPediatrSurg41:799-803,2006. 78. PippiNL,LumbWV.Objectivetestsofanalgesicdrugsinponies.AmJVetRes40:1082-1086,1979. 79. PuumalaT,RiekkinenPSr,SirvioJ.Modulationofvigilanceandbehavioralctivationbyalpha-1adrenoceptorsintherat.PharmacolBiochemBehav56:705-712,1997. 80. PypendopBH,VerstegenJP.Hemodynamiceffectsofmedetomidineinthedog:Adosetitrationstudy.VetSurg27:612-622,1998. 81. RaekallioMR,KuuselaEK,LehtinenME,TykkylainenMK,HuttunenP,WesterholmFC.Effectsofexercise-inducedstressanddexamethasoneonplasmahormoneandglucoseconcentrationsandsedationindogstreatedwithdexmedetomidine.AmJVetRes.66:260-265,2005. 82. RamsayMA,StirlingI,KnutsenLO,BroughtonE.Useofyohimbinehydrochloridetoreverseimmobilizationofpolarbearsbyketaminehydrochlorideandxylazinehydrochloride.JWildlDis21:396-400,1985. 83. RedondoJI,Gomez-VillamandosRJ,SantistebanJM,etal.Romifidine,medetomidineorxylazinebeforepropofol-halothane-N20anesthesiaindogs.CanJVetRes63:31-36,1999. 84. ReutlingerRA,KarlAA,VinalSI,etal.EffectsofketamineHCl-xylazineHCIcombinationoncardiovascularandpulmonaryvaluesoftherhesusmacaque(Macacamulatto).AmJVetRes41:1453-1457,1980. 85. RichterKP,LingGV.Effectsofxylazineontheurethralpressureprofileofhealthydogs.AmJVetRes46:1881-1886,1985. 86. RogerT,RuckebuschY.Colonicalpha2-adrenoceptor-mediatedresponsesinthepony.JVetPharmacolTher10:310-318,1987. 87. RuckebuschY,AllalC.Depressionofreticulo-ruminalmotorfunctionsthroughthestimulationofalpha2-adrenoceptors.JVetPharmacolTher10:1-10,1987. 88. RutkowskiJA,RossMW,CullenK.Effectsofxylazineand/orbutorphanolorneostigmineonmyoelectricactivityofthececumandrightventralcoloninfemaleponies.AmJVetRes50:1096-1101,1989. 89. SantangeloB,FerrariD,DiMartinoI,BelliA,CordellaC,RiccoA,TroisiS,VesceG.Dexmedetomidinechemicalrestraintoftworaptorspeciesundergoinginhalationanaesthesia.VetResCommun33:209-211,2009. 90. SantosLC,LuddersJW,ErbHN,BasherKL,KirchP,GleedRD.Sedativeandcardiorespiratoryeffectsofdexmedetomidineandbuprenorphineadministeredtocatsviaoraltransmucosalorintramuscularroutes.VetAnaesthAnalg37:417-424,2010. 91. SavolaJM,VirtanenR.Centralα2-adrenoceptorsarehighlystereoselectivefordexmedetomidine,thedextroenantiomerofmedetomidine.EurJPharmacol195:193-199,1991. 92. ShortCE.Neuroleptanalgesiaandalpha-adrenergicreceptoranalgesia.In:ShortCE,ed.PrinciplesandPracticeofVeterinaryAnesthesia.Baltimore,WilliamsandWilkins,47-57,1987. 93. ShortCE.Neuroleptanalgesiaandalpha-adrenergicreceptoranalgesia.In:ShortCE,ed.PrinciplesandPracticeofVeterinaryAnesthesia.Baltimore,WilliamsandWilkins,47-57,1987. 94. SinclairMD.Areviewofthephysiologicaleffectsofa2-agonistsrelatedtotheclinicaluseofmedetomidineinsmallanimalpractice.CanVetJ44:885-897,2003. 95. SteffeyEP,PascoePJ,WolinerMJ,etal.Effectsofxylazinehydrochlorideduringisoflurane-inducedanesthesiainhorses.AmJVetRes61:1225-1231,2000. 96. StenbergD.Theroleofalpha-adrenoceptorsintheregulationofvigilanceandpain.ActaVetScand82:29-34,1986. 97. StrombeckDR,HarroldD.Effectsofatropine,acepromazine,meperidine,andxylazineongastroesophagealsphincterpressureinthedog.AmJVetRes46:963-965,1985. 98. ThomasJA,LercheP.Anesthesiaandanalgesiaforveterinarytechnicians.4thed.MosbyInc,St.Louis,2011. 99. ThurmonJC,Neff-DavisCA,DavisLE,StokerRA,BensonGJ,LockTF.Xylazinehydrochloride-inducedhyperglycemiaandhypoinsulinemiainthoroughbredhorses.JVetPharmacolTher5:241-245,1982. 100. ThurmonJC,NelsonDR,HartsfieldSM,etal.Effectsofxylazinehydrochlorideonurineincattle.AustVetJ54:178-180,1978. 101. ThurmonJC,SteffeyEP,ZinklJG,WolinerM,HowlandDJr.Xylazinecausestransientdose-relatedhyperglycemiaandincreasedurinevolumesinmares.AmJVetRes45:224-227,1984. 102. ThurmonJC,SteffeyERZinklJG,etal.Xylazinecausestransientdose-relatedhyperglycemiaandincreasedurinevolumesinmares.AmJVetRes45:224-227,1984. 103. TranquilliWJ,ThurmonJC,CorbinJE,etal.Halothane-sparingeffectofxylazineindogsandsubsequentreversalwithtolazoline.JVetPharmacolTher7:23-28,1984. 104. TranquilliWJ,ThurmonJC,TurnerТА,BensonGJ,LockТЕ.Apreliminaryreport:Butorphanoltartrateasanadjuncttoxylazine-ketamineinthehorse.EquinePract5:26-29,1983. 105. TrimCM,HansonRR.Effectsofxylazineonrenalfunctionandplasmaglucoseinponies.VetRec118:65-67,1986. 106. VainioO,Vaha-VaheT,PalmuL.Sedativeandanalgesiceffectsofmedetomidineindogs.JVetPharmacolTher12:225-231,1989. 107. VickeryRG,SheridanBC,SegalIS,MazeM.Anestheticandhemodynamiceffectsofthestereoisomersofmedetomidine,anα2-adrenergicagonist,inhalothane-anesthetizeddogs.AnesthAnalg67:611-615,1988. 108. YamakageM,IwasakiS,SatohJI,NamikiA.Inhibitoryeffectsofthealpha-2adrenergicagonistsclonidineanddexmedetomidineonenhancedairwaytoneinovalbumin-sensitizedguineapigs.EurJAnaesthesiol25:67-71,2008. 109. YoshitomiT,KohjitaniA,MaedaS,HiguchiH,ShimadaM,MiyawakiT.Dexmedetomidineenhancesthelocalanestheticactionoflidocaineviaanalpha-2Aadrenoceptor.AnesthAnalg107:96-101,2008. 110. YoungLE,BrearleyJC,RichardsDLS,BartramDH,JonesRS.Medetomidineasapremedicantindogsanditsreversalbyatipamezole.JSmallAnimPract31:554-559,1990. 摘要: 白鼻心生性容易緊張，若感受到威脅時，常會表現出攻擊行為。

因其四肢粗壯具有利爪且咬合力大，因此常成為臨床診療上之阻礙，若進行需碰觸到白鼻心的檢查，對醫療人員具有一定程度之風險，因此選擇適當的鎮靜劑能使醫療處理的過程更為順利，且同時減少動物緊迫，使得雙方皆能獲得最大的安全。

Xylazine（XYL）和dexmedetomidine（DEX）皆為α2腎上腺素性受體致效劑的一種，這類的鎮靜安神藥物時常用來做為誘導鎮靜，並有止痛作用，皆有拮抗劑可迅速反轉鎮靜之效果可使動物迅速恢復。

XYL在過去廣泛地被獸醫應用在各種不同的物種作為鎮靜和止痛之用，相關研究甚多；DEX則為一具有高度選擇性和特異性的α2腎上腺素性受體致效劑，近年來在臨床上常被應用於犬貓。

有關白鼻心麻醉的研究很少，本研究探討單獨使用兩種不同的α2腎上腺素性受體致效劑對白鼻心之鎮靜作用和止痛效果，以及使用atipamezole（ATI）反轉DEX之效果。

本研究共使用18隻白鼻心進行實驗，選擇的劑量組分別為每公斤體重2、4和8mg的XYL，以及0.01、0.02和0.04mg的DEX，於後肢肌肉注射實驗藥物後分別監控其基礎生理值以及各項反射的強弱並予以紀錄。

結果顯示僅有DEX0.02和DEX0.04mg/kg這兩組劑量組能使全數（6/6）白鼻心成功進入鎮靜狀態，而進入鎮靜期的時間於六組之間皆沒有顯著差異；鎮靜持續時間則隨劑量之提高而延長，且各劑量組之心搏和呼吸速率皆會下降，體溫則隨鎮靜時間之延長而逐漸降低。

在XYL和DEX的比較上，DEX較能使白鼻心維持穩定的鎮靜狀態。

探討拮抗劑效果的實驗先以每公斤體重0.04mg的DEX鎮靜白鼻心後，於實驗的第30分鐘三組再分別肌肉注射saline0.04ml/kg、ATI0.04mg/kg及ATI0.2mg/kg，三組白鼻心分別於注射後77.5、28.5及7分鐘恢復，顯示不論是注射低劑量或高劑量之ATI，皆能顯著使白鼻心之恢復時間縮短，而較高之劑量則更能縮短恢復時間，有助於於臨床診療結束時使動物快速恢復正常。

綜合上述，我們知道DEX相較於XYL有更穩定的鎮靜效果，而使用DEX0.02mg/kg或0.04mg/kg時可以成功地使白鼻心進入鎮靜狀態，當臨床上需要對白鼻心進行鎮靜檢查時，可以評估所需鎮靜時間的長短來選擇不同的劑量，而於醫療處理結束後可給予ATI結束鎮靜，使動物迅速恢復正常。

Formosangem-facedcivet(Pagumalarvatataivana)hasthenatureofbeingtenseandispronetobeaggressiveundermenace.Theattackbehaviorcouldmakeaclinicalcruxforthepractitionerifphysicalexaminationisintended.Tostrikeforamutualbeneficialresolutiononbothsidesoftheanimalandstaff,administrationofappropriatesedativeswillensureanuneventfulprocedure.Xylazine(XYL)anddexmedetomidine(DEX)areα2adrenergicagonists,whichareusedforinductionfortheirsedativeandanalgesicandantagonistsareavailabletoreversetheeffectandspeedtherecovery.XYLwascommonlyusedforitssedativeandanalgesicinvarietiesofspecies,whichrelatedstudiesaremany.DEXisahighlyselectiveandspecificα2adrenergicagonistanditsclinicaluseindogsandcatsismoreofteninrecentyears.Yet,studiesofanestheticsinFormosangem-facedcivetsarerarelydocumented.Thisstudyisintendedtoobservethesedativeandanalgesiceffectsofthesoleadministrationoftwodifferentα2adrenergicagonists,respectively,informosangem-facedcivetsandtheeffectofatipamezole(ATI)toreversedexmedetomidine.Theexperimentgroupwasformedwith18formosangem-facedcivets.ThetreatedgroupofXYLwasatdosesof2,4and8mg/kgandsowasthetreatedgroupofDEXatdosesof0.01,0.02and0.04mg/kgviatherouteofintramuscularinjectiononthehindlimb.Thevitalsandintensityofthereflexweremonitoredandrecorded.AstheresultspresentedthegroupsofDEX0.02andDEX0.04mg/kgweretheonlytwodosagesthatmadethewholenumberofthetreatedanimals(6/6)onsetsteadysedationandnoobviousdifferencewasnotedinthesesixgroups.Theperiodofsedationsustainedlongerathigherdoses;theheartrateandrespiratoryrateweredecreasedandthebodytemperaturedeclinedgraduallyoversedation.ComparingXYLandDEX,thelaterprovedtomaintainasteadysedationbetterinformosangem-facedcivets.Inthestudyofantagonistreversal,0.04mg/kgofDEXwasadministeredtoreachthesedation,andthreegroupsoftestinganimalsweretreatedwithIMinjectionof0.04ml/kgofsaline,0.04mg/kgofATIand0.2mg/kgofATI,30minutesafterthetreatment,respectively.Thetreatedanimalsrecoveredin77.5,28.5and7minutesaftertheinjection,whichrevealedthatATIdramaticallyspeededtherecoveryandthehigherdosecontributedtothelesstime,whichadvantagestheclinicalpractice.Inconclusion,DEXprovidedmorestablesedativeeffectsthanXYLandtheadministrationof0.02or0.04mg/kgofDEXsucceededtoachievesuchgoaluneventfullyinformosangem-facedcivets.Previousassessmentofthetimeneededforproceduresdeterminedwhatdoseistobeadministeredwhensedationisconsideredforclinicalexaminationofformosangem-facedcivets.Aftertheprocedure,theanimalscanberestoredtotheirnormalpresedationdemeanoureffectivelyandreliablywithadministrationofATI. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/13095 其他識別: U0005-2907201110561600 顯示於：獸醫學系所 顯示文件完整紀錄   TAIR相關文章 國立交通大學 - / GoogleScholarTM 檢查 在IR系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。