Larry Page - Wikipedia

Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist, and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as one of the co-founders of ... LarryPage FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch AmericanbusinessmagnateandInternetentrepreneur Forthesinger,seeLarryPage(singer). LarryPagePagespeakingtotheEuropeanParliament,2009BornLawrenceEdwardPage(1973-03-26)March26,1973(age 48)Lansing,Michigan,U.S.NationalityAmericanAlma materUniversityofMichigan(BS)StanfordUniversity(MS)Occupation Computerscientist Internetentrepreneur Known forCo-foundingGoogleCo-foundingAlphabetInc.Co-creatorPageRankSpouse(s)LucindaSouthworth​(m. 2007)​Children2[1] LawrenceEdwardPage[2][3][4](bornMarch26,1973)isanAmericancomputerscientist,andInternetentrepreneur.Heisbestknownasoneoftheco-foundersofGoogle,alongwithSergeyBrin.[2][5] PagewasthechiefexecutiveofficerofGooglefrom1997untilAugust2001(steppingdowninfavorofEricSchmidt)thenfromApril2011untilJuly2015whenhemovedtobecomeCEOofAlphabetInc.(createdtodeliver"majoradvancements"asGoogle'sparentcompany),[6]aposthehelduntilDecember4,2019.HeremainsanAlphabetboardmember,employee,andcontrollingshareholder.[7] CreatingGooglebuiltasignificantamountofwealth.AccordingtoBloombergBillionairesIndex,asofDecember2021,Pagehasanetworthofapproximately$126.3billion,[8]makinghimthefifth-wealthiestpersonintheworld.[8] Pageistheco-creatorandnamesakeofPageRank,asearchrankingalgorithmforGoogle.[16]HereceivedtheMarconiPrizein2004withco-writerBrin.[17]HealsohasGreekcitizenship.[citationneeded] Contents 1Earlylifeandeducation 1.1Education 2PhDstudiesandresearch 2.1Searchenginedevelopment 3Google 3.11998–2010 3.1.1Founding 3.1.2Earlymanagementstyle 3.22001–2011 3.2.1Changesinmanagementandexpansion 3.2.2AssumptionofCEOpositionatGoogle 3.32011–2013 3.3.1Changesandconsolidationprocess 3.3.2Acquisitionstrategyandnewproducts 3.42013–2015 3.52019 4Otherinterests 5Personallife 6Awardsandaccolades 6.11998–2009 6.22009–present 7References 8Externallinks Earlylifeandeducation[edit] PagewasbornonMarch26,1973,[18]inLansing,Michigan.[19][20]HismotherisJewish;[21]hismaternalgrandfatherlaterimmigratedtoIsrael,[20]thoughPage'shouseholdgrowingupwassecular.[21][22]Hisfather,CarlVictorPageSr.,earnedaPhDincomputersciencefromtheUniversityofMichigan.BBCreporterWillSmaledescribedhimasa"pioneerincomputerscienceandartificialintelligence".[23]Page'sfatherwasacomputerscienceprofessoratMichiganStateUniversityandhismotherGloriawasaninstructorincomputerprogrammingatLymanBriggsCollegeatthesameinstitution.[24][23][25] Duringaninterview,Pagerecalledhischildhoodhome"wasusuallyamess,withcomputers,science,andtechnologymagazinesandPopularSciencemagazinesallovertheplace",anenvironmentinwhichheimmersedhimself.[26]Pagewasanavidreaderduringhisyouth,writinginhis2013Googlefoundersletter:"Irememberspendingahugeamountoftimepouring[sic]overbooksandmagazines".[27]AccordingtowriterNicholasCarlson,thecombinedinfluenceofPage'shomeatmosphereandhisattentiveparents"fosteredcreativityandinvention".Pagealsoplayedinstrumentsandstudiedmusiccompositionwhilegrowingup.Hisparentssenthimtomusicsummercamp—InterlochenArtsCampatInterlochen,Michigan,andPagehasmentionedthathismusicaleducationinspiredhisimpatienceandobsessionwithspeedincomputing."Insomesense,Ifeellikemusictrainingledtothehigh-speedlegacyofGoogleforme".InaninterviewPagesaidthat"Inmusic,you'reverycognizantoftime.Timeisliketheprimarything"andthat"Ifyouthinkaboutitfromamusicpointofview,ifyou'reapercussionist,youhitsomething,it'sgottohappeninmilliseconds,fractionsofasecond".[9] Pagewasfirstattractedtocomputerswhenhewassixyearsold,ashewasableto"playwiththestufflyingaround"—first-generationpersonalcomputers—thathadbeenleftbyhismotherandfather.[24]Hebecamethe"firstkidinhiselementaryschooltoturninanassignmentfromawordprocessor".[28]Hisolderbrotheralsotaughthimtotakethingsapartandbeforelonghewastaking"everythinginhishouseaparttoseehowitworked".Hesaidthat"fromaveryearlyage,IalsorealizedIwantedtoinventthings.SoIbecameinterestedintechnologyandbusiness.ProbablyfromwhenIwas12,IknewIwasgoingtostartacompanyeventually."[28] Education[edit] PageattendedtheOkemosMontessoriSchool(nowcalledMontessoriRadmoor)inOkemos,Michigan,fromages2to7(1975to1979).HeattendedEastLansingHighSchoolgraduatingin1991.Insummerschool,heattendedInterlochenCenterfortheArtsplayingflutebutmainlysaxophonefortwosummers.PageholdsaBachelorofScienceincomputerengineeringfromtheUniversityofMichigan,withhonorsandaMasterofScienceincomputersciencefromStanfordUniversity.[29]WhileattheUniversityofMichigan,PagecreatedaninkjetprintermadeofLegobricks(literallyalineplotter),afterhethoughtitpossibletoprintlargeposterscheaplywiththeuseofinkjetcartridges—Pagereverse-engineeredtheinkcartridge,andbuilttheelectronicsandmechanicstodriveit.[24]PageservedasthepresidentoftheBetaEpsilonchapteroftheEtaKappaNuhonorsociety,[30]andwasamemberofthe1993"Maize&Blue"UniversityofMichiganSolarCarteam.[31]AsanundergraduateattheUniversityofMichigan,heproposedthattheschoolreplaceitsbussystemwithapersonalrapidtransitsystem,whichisessentiallyadriverlessmonorailwithseparatecarsforeverypassenger.[9]Healsodevelopedabusinessplanforacompanythatwouldusesoftwaretobuildamusicsynthesizerduringthistime.[32] PhDstudiesandresearch[edit] AfterenrollinginacomputersciencePhDprogramatStanfordUniversity,PagewasinsearchofadissertationthemeandconsideredexploringthemathematicalpropertiesoftheWorldWideWeb,understandingitslinkstructureasahugegraph.Hissupervisor,TerryWinograd,encouragedhimtopursuetheidea,andPagerecalledin2008thatitwasthebestadvicehehadeverreceived.[33]Healsoconsidereddoingresearchontelepresenceandself-drivingcarsduringthistime.[34][35][36][37] Pagefocusedontheproblemoffindingoutwhichwebpageslinkedtoagivenpage,consideringthenumberandnatureofsuchbacklinksasvaluableinformationforthatpage.Theroleofcitationsinacademicpublishingwouldalsobecomepertinentfortheresearch.[37]SergeyBrin,afellowStanfordPhDstudent,wouldsoonjoinPage'sresearchproject,nicknamed"BackRub."[37]Together,thepairauthoredaresearchpapertitled"TheAnatomyofaLarge-ScaleHypertextualWebSearchEngine",whichbecameoneofthemostdownloadedscientificdocumentsinthehistoryoftheInternetatthetime.[24][35] JohnBattelle,co-founderofWiredmagazine,wrotethatPagehadreasonedthatthe: ...entireWebwaslooselybasedonthepremiseofcitation—afterall,whatisalinkbutacitation?IfhecoulddeviseamethodtocountandqualifyeachbacklinkontheWeb,asPageputsit"theWebwouldbecomeamorevaluableplace."[37] BattellefurtherdescribedhowPageandBrinbeganworkingtogetherontheproject: AtthetimePageconceivedofBackRub,theWebcomprisedanestimated10milliondocuments,withanuntoldnumberoflinksbetweenthem.Thecomputingresourcesrequiredtocrawlsuchabeastwerewellbeyondtheusualboundsofastudentproject.Unawareofexactlywhathewasgettinginto,Pagebeganbuildingouthiscrawler.Theidea'scomplexityandscaleluredBrintothejob.Apolymathwhohadjumpedfromprojecttoprojectwithoutsettlingonathesistopic,hefoundthepremisebehindBackRubfascinating."Italkedtolotsofresearchgroups"aroundtheschool,Brinrecalls,"andthiswasthemostexcitingproject,bothbecauseittackledtheWeb,whichrepresentshumanknowledge,andbecauseIlikedLarry."[37] Searchenginedevelopment[edit] ToconvertthebacklinkdatagatheredbyBackRub'swebcrawlerintoameasureofimportanceforagivenwebpage,BrinandPagedevelopedthePageRankalgorithm,andrealizedthatitcouldbeusedtobuildasearchenginefarsuperiortoexistingones.[37]Thealgorithmreliedonanewtechnologythatanalyzedtherelevanceofthebacklinksthatconnectedonewebpagetoanother.[38] Combiningtheirideas,thepairbeganutilizingPage'sdormitoryroomasamachinelaboratory,andextractedsparepartsfrominexpensivecomputerstocreateadevicethattheyusedtoconnectthenownascentsearchenginewithStanford'sbroadbandcampusnetwork.[37]AfterfillingPage'sroomwithequipment,theythenconvertedBrin'sdormroomintoanofficeandprogrammingcenter,wheretheytestedtheirnewsearchenginedesignsontheWeb.TherapidgrowthoftheirprojectcausedStanford'scomputinginfrastructuretoexperienceproblems.[39] PageandBrinusedtheformer'sbasicHTMLprogrammingskillstosetupasimplesearchpageforusers,astheydidnothaveawebpagedevelopertocreateanythingvisuallyelaborate.Theyalsobeganusinganycomputerparttheycouldfindtoassemblethenecessarycomputingpowertohandlesearchesbymultipleusers.AstheirsearchenginegrewinpopularityamongStanfordusers,itrequiredadditionalserverstoprocessthequeries.InAugust1996,theinitialversionofGoogle,stillontheStanfordUniversitywebsite,wasmadeavailabletoInternetusers.[37] ThemathematicalwebsiteinterlinkingthatthePageRankalgorithmfacilitates,illustratedbysize-percentagecorrelationofthecircles.ThealgorithmwasnamedafterPagehimself. Byearly1997,theBackRubpagedescribedthestateasfollows: SomeRoughStatistics(fromAugust29,1996) TotalindexableHTMLURLs:75.2306Million Totalcontentdownloaded:207.022gigabytes ... BackRubiswritteninJavaandPythonandrunsonseveralSunUltrasandIntelPentiumsrunningLinux.TheprimarydatabaseiskeptonaSunUltraseriesIIwith28GBofadisk.ScottHassanandAlanSteremberghaveprovidedagreatdealofverytalentedimplementationhelp.SergeyBrinhasalsobeenveryinvolvedanddeservesmanythanks.— LarryPagepagecs.stanford.edu[40] BackRubalreadyexhibitedtherudimentaryfunctionsandcharacteristicsofasearchengine:aqueryinputwasenteredanditprovidedalistofbacklinksrankedbyimportance.Pagerecalled:"Werealizedthatwehadaqueryingtool.Itgaveyouagoodoverallrankingofpagesandorderingoffollow-uppages."[41]Pagesaidthatinmid-1998theyfinallyrealizedthefurtherpotentialoftheirproject:"Prettysoon,wehad10,000searchesaday.Andwefigured,maybethisisreal."[39] PageandBrin'svisionhasbeencomparedtothatofJohannesGutenberg,theinventorofmodernprinting:[42] In1440,JohannesGutenbergintroducedEuropetothemechanicalprintingpress,printingBiblesformassconsumption.Thetechnologyallowedforbooksandmanuscripts–originallyreplicatedbyhand–tobeprintedatamuchfasterrate,thusspreadingknowledgeandhelpingtousherintheEuropeanRenaissance...Googlehasdoneasimilarjob. ThecomparisonwasalsonotedbytheauthorsofTheGoogleStory:"NotsinceGutenberg...hasanynewinventionempoweredindividuals,andtransformedaccesstoinformation,asprofoundlyasGoogle."[43]Also,notlongafterthetwo"cookeduptheirnewengineforwebsearches,theybeganthinkingaboutinformationthatwasatthetimebeyondtheweb"suchasdigitizingbooksandexpandinghealthinformation.[39] Google[edit] Pagein2003 1998–2010[edit] Founding[edit] MarkMalseedwroteina2003featurestory:Solicitingfundsfromfacultymembers,familyandfriends,BrinandPagescrapedtogetherenoughtobuysomeserversandrentthatfamousgarageinMenloPark....[soonafter],SunMicrosystemsco-founderAndyBechtolsheimwrotea$100,000chequeto"Google,Inc."Theonlyproblemwas,"Google,Inc."didnotyetexist—thecompanyhadn'tyetbeenincorporated.Fortwoweeks,astheyhandledthepaperwork,theyoungmenhadnowheretodepositthemoney.[44]In1998,[45]BrinandPageincorporatedGoogle,Inc.[46]withtheinitialdomainnameof"Googol",derivedfromanumberthatconsistsofonefollowedbyonehundredzeros—representingthevastamountofdatathatthesearchenginewasintendedtoexplore.Followinginception,PageappointedhimselfasCEO,whileBrin,namedGoogle'sco-founder,servedasGoogle'spresident.[9]WriterNicholasCarlsonwrotein2014:Thepair'smissionwas"toorganizetheworld'sinformationandmakeituniversallyaccessibleanduseful."[47]WithaUS$1-millionloanfromfriendsandfamily,theinauguralteammovedintoaMountainViewofficebythestartof2000.In1999,PageexperimentedwithsmallerserverssoGooglecouldfitmoreintoeachsquaremeterofthethird-partywarehousesthecompanyrentedfortheirservers.ThiseventuallyledtoasearchenginethatranmuchfasterthanGoogle'scompetitorsatthetime.[9] ByJune2000,GooglehadindexedonebillionInternetURLs(UniformResourceLocators),makingitthemostcomprehensivesearchengineontheWebatthetime.ThecompanycitedNECResearchInstitutedatainitsJune26pressrelease,statingthat"therearemorethan1billionwebpagesonlinetoday",withGoogle"providingaccessto560millionfull-textindexedwebpagesand500millionpartiallyindexedURLs."[48] Earlymanagementstyle[edit] DuringhisfirsttenureasCEO,PageembarkedonanattempttofireallofGoogle'sprojectmanagersin2001.Page'splaninvolvedallofGoogle'sengineersreportingtoaVPofengineering,whowouldthenreportdirectlytohim—Pageexplainedthathedidn'tlikenon-engineerssupervisingengineersduetotheirlimitedtechnicalknowledge.[9]Pageevendocumentedhismanagementtenetsforhisteamtouseasareference: Don'tdelegate:Doeverythingyoucanyourselftomakethingsgofaster. Don'tgetinthewayifyou'renotaddingvalue.Letthepeopledoingtheworktalktoeachotherwhileyougodosomethingelse. Don'tbeabureaucrat. Ideasaremoreimportantthanage.Justbecausesomeoneisjuniordoesn'tmeantheydon'tdeserverespectandcooperation. Theworstthingyoucandoisstopsomeonefromdoingsomethingbysaying,"No.Period."Ifyousayno,youhavetohelpthemfindabetterwaytogetitdone.[9] EventhoughPage'snewmodelwasunsustainableandledtodisgruntlementamongtheaffectedemployees,hisissuewithengineersbeingmanagedbynon-engineeringstaffgainedtraction.[49]PagealsobelievedthatthefasterGoogle'ssearchenginereturnedanswers,themoreitwouldbeused.Hefrettedovermillisecondsandpushedhisengineers—fromthosewhodevelopedalgorithmstothosewhobuiltdatacenters—tothinkaboutlagtimes.HealsopushedforkeepingGoogle'shomepagefamouslysparseinitsdesignbecauseitwouldhelpthesearchresultsloadfaster.[32] 2001–2011[edit] Changesinmanagementandexpansion[edit] BeforeSiliconValley'stwomostprominentinvestors,KleinerPerkinsandSequoiaCapital,agreedtoinvestacombinedtotalof$50millioninGoogle,theyappliedpressureonPagetostepdownasCEOsothatamoreexperiencedleadercouldbuilda"world-classmanagementteam."PageeventuallybecameamenabletotheideaaftermeetingwithothertechnologyCEOs,includingSteveJobsandIntel'sAndrewGrove.EricSchmidt,whohadbeenhiredasChairmanofGoogleinMarch2001,lefthisfull-timepositionastheCEOofNovelltotakethesameroleatGoogleinAugustofthesameyear,andPagemovedasidetoassumethePresidentofProductsrole.[9] UnderSchmidt'sleadership,Googleunderwentaperiodofmajorgrowthandexpansion,whichincludeditsinitialpublicoffering(IPO)onAugust20,2004.HealwaysactedinconsultationwithPageandBrinwhenheembarkedoninitiativessuchasthehiringofanexecutiveteamandthecreationofasalesforcemanagementsystem.PageremainedthebossatGoogleintheeyesoftheemployees,ashegavefinalapprovalonallnewhires,anditwasPagewhoprovidedthesignaturefortheIPO,thelattermakinghimabillionaireattheageof30.[9] PageledtheacquisitionofAndroidfor$50millionin2005tofulfillhisambitiontoplacehandheldcomputersinthepossessionofconsumerssothattheycouldaccessGoogleanywhere.ThepurchasewasmadewithoutSchmidt'sknowledge,buttheCEOwasnotperturbedbytherelativelysmallacquisition.PagebecamepassionateaboutAndroidandspentlargeamountsoftimewithAndroidCEOandcofounderAndyRubin.BySeptember2008,T-MobilelaunchedtheG1,thefirstphoneusingAndroidsoftwareand,by2010,17.2%ofthehandsetmarketconsistedofAndroidsales,overtakingAppleforthefirsttime.Androidbecametheworld'smostpopularmobileoperatingsystemshortlyafterward.[9] AssumptionofCEOpositionatGoogle[edit] FollowingaJanuary2011announcement,[50]PageofficiallybecamethechiefexecutiveofGoogleonApril4,2011,whileSchmidtsteppeddowntobecomeexecutivechairman.[51]Bythistime,Googlehadover$180billionmarketcapitalizationandmorethan24,000employees.[52]ReporterMaxNisen,describedthedecadepriortoPage'ssecondappointmentasGoogle'sCEOasPage's"lostdecade"sayingthatwhileheexertedsignificantinfluenceatGoogleviaproductdevelopmentandotheroperations,hebecameincreasinglydisconnectedandlessresponsiveovertime.[9][49] SchmidtannouncedtheendofhistenureasCEOonJanuary20,2011,jokinglytweetingonTwitter:"Adult-supervisionnolongerneeded."[53] 2011–2013[edit] AsGoogle'snewCEO,Page'stwokeygoalswerethedevelopmentofgreaterautonomyfortheexecutivesoverseeingthemostimportantdivisions,andhigherlevelsofcollaboration,communication,andunityamongtheteams.ThenPagealsoformedwhatthemediacalledthe"L-Team",agroupofseniorvice-presidentswhoreporteddirectlytohimandworkednearhisofficeforaportionoftheworkingweek.[54]Additionally,hereorganizedthecompany'sseniormanagement,placingaCEO-likemanageratthetopofGoogle'smostimportantproductdivisions,includingYouTube,AdWords,andGoogleSearch.[9] Followingamorecohesiveteamenvironment,Pagedeclaredanew"zerotoleranceforfighting"policythatcontrastedwithhisapproachduringtheearlydaysofGoogle,whenhewouldusehisharshandintenseargumentswithBrinasanexemplarforseniormanagement.PagehadchangedhisthinkingduringhistimeawayfromtheCEOrole,asheeventuallyconcludedthatambitiousgoalsrequiredaharmoniousteamdynamic.AspartofPage'scollaborativerejuvenationprocess,Google'sproductsandapplicationswereconsolidatedandunderwentanaestheticoverhaul.[49][55] Changesandconsolidationprocess[edit] Atleast70ofGoogle'sproducts,featuresandserviceswereeventuallyshutdownbyMarch2013,whiletheappearanceandnatureoftheremainingoneswereunified.[56][57]JonWiley,leaddesignerofGoogleSearchatthetime,codenamedPage'sredesignoverhaul,whichofficiallycommencedonApril4,2011,"ProjectKennedy",basedonPage'suseoftheterm"moonshots"todescribeambitiousprojectsinaJanuary2013Wiredinterview.[55][58]Aninitiativenamed"Kanna"previouslyattemptedtocreateauniformdesignaestheticforGoogle'srangeofproducts,butitwastoodifficultatthatpointinthecompany'shistoryforoneteamtodrivesuchchange.MatiasDuarte,seniordirectoroftheAndroiduserexperiencewhen"Kennedy"started,explainedin2013that"Googlepassionatelycaresaboutdesign."PageproceededtoconsultwiththeGoogleCreativeLabdesignteam,basedinNewYorkCity,tofindananswertohisquestionofwhata"cohesivevision"ofGooglemightlooklike.[55] Theeventualresultsof"Kennedy"whichwereprogressivelyrolledoutfromJune2011untilJanuary2013,weredescribedbyTheVergetechnologypublicationasfocusedupon"refinement,whitespace,cleanliness,elasticity,usefulness,andmostofallsimplicity."ThefinalproductswerealignedwithPage'saimforaconsistentsuiteofproductsthatcan"movefast",and"Kennedy"wascalleda"designrevolution"byDuarte.Page's"UXA"(user/graphicsinterface)designteamthenemergedfromthe"Kennedy"project,taskedwith"designinganddevelopingatrueUIframeworkthattransformsGoogle'sapplicationsoftwareintoabeautiful,mature,accessibleandconsistentplatformforitsusers."Unspokenofinpublic,thesmallUXAunitwasdesignedtoensurethat"Kennedy"becamean"institution."[55] Acquisitionstrategyandnewproducts[edit] WhenacquiringproductsandcompaniesforGoogle,Pageaskedwhetherthebusinessacquisitionpassedthetoothbrushtestasaninitialqualifier,askingthequestion"Isitsomethingyouwilluseonceortwiceaday,anddoesitmakeyourlifebetter?".Thisapproachlookedforusefulnessaboveprofitability,andlong-termpotentialovernear-termfinancialgain,whichhasbeennotedasrareinbusinessacquiringprocesses.[59][60][61] WithFacebook'sinfluencerapidlyexpandingduringthestartofPage'ssecondtenure,hefinallyrespondedtotheintensivecompetitionwithGoogle'sownsocialnetwork,Google+,inmid-2011.Afterseveraldelays,thesocialnetworkwasreleasedthroughaverylimitedfieldtestandwasledbyVicGundotra,Google'sthenseniorvicepresidentofsocial.[62] InAugust2011,PageannouncedthatGooglewouldspend$12.5billiontoacquireMotorolaMobility.[63]ThepurchasewasprimarilymotivatedbyGoogle'sneedtosecurepatentstoprotectAndroidfromlawsuitsbycompaniesincludingAppleInc.[9]PagewroteonGoogle'sofficialblogonAugust15,2011,that"companiesincludingMicrosoftandApplearebandingtogetherinanti-competitivepatentattacksonAndroid.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJusticehadtointerveneintheresultsofonerecentpatentauctionto'protectcompetitionandinnovationintheopensourcesoftwarecommunity'...OuracquisitionofMotorolawillincreasecompetitionbystrengtheningGoogle'spatentportfolio,whichwillenableustobetterprotectAndroidfromanti-competitivethreatsfromMicrosoft,Appleandothercompanies".[64][65]In2014,PagesoldMotorolaMobilityfor$2.9billiontoPersonalComputermaker,Lenovowhichrepresentedalossinvalueof$9.5billionovertwoyears.[66] PagealsoventuredintohardwareandGoogleunveiledtheChromebookinMay2012.ThehardwareproductwasalaptopthatranonaGoogleoperatingsystem,ChromeOS.[67] 2013–2015[edit] InJanuary2013,PageparticipatedinarareinterviewwithWired,inwhichwriterStevenLevydiscussedPage's"10X"mentality—Googleemployeesareexpectedtocreateproductsandservicesthatareatleast10timesbetterthanthoseofitscompetitors—intheintroductoryblurb.AstroTeller,theheadofGoogleX,explainedtoLevythat10Xis"justcoretowhohe[Page]is",whilePage's"focusisonwherethenext10Xwillcomefrom."[58]InhisinterviewwithLevy,PagereferredtothesuccessofYouTubeandAndroidasexamplesof"crazy"ideasthatinvestorswerenotinitiallyinterestedin,saying:"Ifyou'renotdoingsomethingsthatarecrazy,thenyou'redoingthewrongthings."[58]Pagealsostatedhewas"veryhappy"withthestatusofGoogle+,anddiscussedconcernsovertheInternetconcerningtheSOPAbillandanInternationalTelecommunicationUnionproposalthathadbeenrecentlyintroduced:...IdothinktheInternet'sundermuchgreaterattackthanithasbeeninthepast.GovernmentsarenowafraidoftheInternetbecauseoftheMiddleEaststuff,andsothey'realittlemorewillingtolistentowhatIseeasalotofcommercialintereststhatjustwanttomakemoneybyrestrictingpeople'sfreedoms.Butthey'vealsoseenatremendoususerreaction,likethebacklashagainstSOPA.Ithinkthatgovernmentsfightusers'freedomsattheirperil.[58]AttheMay2013I/OdevelopersconferenceinSanFrancisco,Pagedeliveredakeynoteaddressandsaid"We'reatmaybe1%ofwhatispossible.Despitethefasterchange,we'restillmovingslowrelativetotheopportunitieswehave.Ithinkalotofthatisbecauseofthenegativity...EverystoryIreadisGooglevssomeoneelse.That'sboring.Weshouldbefocusingonbuildingthethingsthatdon'texist"andthathewas"sadtheWebisn'tadvancingasfastasitshouldbe",citingaperceivedfocusonnegativityandzero-sumgamesamongsomeinthetechnologysectorasacause.[68]Inresponsetoanaudiencequestion,PagenotedanissuethatGooglehadbeenexperiencingwithMicrosoft,wherebythelattermadeitsOutlookprograminteroperablewithGooglebutdidnotallowforbackwardcompatibility—hereferredtoMicrosoft'spracticeas"milkingoff".Duringthequestion-and-answersectionofhiskeynote,PageexpressedinterestinBurningMan,whichBrinhadpreviouslypraised—itwasamotivatingfactorforthelatterduringSchmidt'shiringprocess,asBrinlikedthatSchmidthadattendedtheweek-longannualevent.[9][69][70] InSeptember2013,PagelaunchedtheindependentCalicoinitiative,aR&Dprojectinthefieldofbiotechnology.GoogleannouncedthatCalicoseekstoinnovateandmakeimprovementsinthefieldofhumanhealth,andappointedArtLevinson,chairmanofApple'sboardandformerCEOofGenentech,tobethenewdivision'sCEO.Page'sofficialstatementread:"Illnessandagingaffectallourfamilies.Withsomelongerterm,moonshotthinkingaroundhealthcareandbiotechnology,Ibelievewecanimprovemillionsoflives."[71] PageparticipatedinaMarch2014TedXconferencethatwasheldinVancouver,BritishColumbia,Canada.ThepresentationwasscriptedbyPage'schiefPRexecutiveRachelWhetstone,andGoogle'sCMOLorraineTwohill,andademonstrationofanartificiallyintelligentcomputerprogramwasdisplayedonalargescreen.[9] Pagerespondedtoaquestionaboutcorporations,notingthatcorporationslargelygeta"badrap",whichhestatedwasbecausetheywereprobablydoingthesameincrementalthingstheyweredoing"50or20yearsago".HewentontojuxtaposethatkindofincrementalapproachtohisvisionofGooglecounteractingcalcificationthroughdrivingtechnologyinnovationatahighrate.PagementionedElonMuskandSpaceX:He[Musk]wantstogotoMarstobackuphumanity.That'saworthygoal.WehavealotofemployeesatGooglewho'vebecomeprettywealthy.You'reworkingbecauseyouwanttochangetheworldandmakeitbetter...I'dlikeforustohelpoutmorethanweare.[72]PagealsomentionedNikolaTeslawithregardtoinventionandcommercialization:Inventionisnotenough.[Nikola]Teslainventedtheelectricpowerweuse,buthestruggledtogetitouttopeople.[Youhaveto]combineboththings...inventionandinnovationfocus,plus...acompanythatcanreallycommercializethingsandgetthemtopeople.[73]PageannouncedamajormanagementrestructureinOctober2014sothathewouldnolongerneedtoberesponsibleforday-to-dayproduct-relateddecisionmaking.Inamemo,PagesaidthatGoogle'scorebusinesseswouldbeabletoprogressinatypicalmanner,whilehecouldfocusonthenextgenerationofambitiousprojects,includingGoogleXinitiatives;accessandenergy,includingGoogleFiber;smart-homeautomationthroughNestLabs;andbiotechnologyinnovationsunderCalico.[74]Pagemaintainedthathewouldcontinueastheunofficial"chiefproductofficer".[57]Subsequenttotheannouncement,theexecutivesinchargeofGoogle'scoreproductsreportedtothenGoogleSeniorVicePresidentSundarPichai,whoreporteddirectlytoPage.[74][75][76][77] InaNovember2014interview,Pagestatedthatheprioritizedthemaintenanceofhis"deepknowledge"ofGoogle'sproductsandbreadthofprojects,asithadbeenakeymotivatingfactorforteammembers.Abouthisthenroleasthecompany'sCEO,Pagesaid:"IthinkmyjobasCEO—Ifeellikeit'salwaystobepushingpeopleahead."[57] OnAugust10,2015,PageannouncedonGoogle'sofficialblogthatGooglehadrestructuredintoanumberofsubsidiariesofanewholdingcompanyknownasAlphabetIncwithPagebecomingCEOofAlphabetIncandSundarPichaiassumingthepositionofCEOofGoogleInc.Inhisannouncement,Pagedescribedtheplannedholdingcompanyasfollows:[78]Alphabetismostlyacollectionofcompanies.Thelargestofwhich,ofcourse,isGoogle.ThisnewerGoogleisabitslimmeddown,withthecompaniesthatareprettyfarafieldofourmainInternetproductscontainedinAlphabetinstead....Fundamentally,webelievethisallowsusmoremanagementscale,aswecanrunthingsindependentlythataren'tveryrelated.Aswellasexplainingtheoriginofthecompany'sname:WelikedthenameAlphabetbecauseitmeansacollectionoflettersthatrepresentlanguage,oneofhumanity'smostimportantinnovations,andisthecoreofhowweindexwithGooglesearch!Wealsolikethatitmeansalpha‑bet(Alphaisinvestmentreturnabovebenchmark),whichwestrivefor!PagewrotethatthemotivationbehindthereorganizationistomakeGoogle"cleanerandmoreaccountable."Healsowrotethattherewasadesiretoimprove"thetransparencyandoversightofwhatwe'redoing"andtoallowgreatercontrolofunrelatedcompaniespreviouslywithintheGoogleecosystem.[78][79][80] Pagehasnotbeenonanypressconferencessince2015andhasnotpresentedatproductlaunchesorearningscallssince2013.TheBloombergBusinessweektermedthereorganizationintoAlphabetacleverretirementplanallowingPagetoretaincontroloverGoogle,atthesametimerelinquishingallresponsibilitiesoverit.ExecutivesatAlphabetdescribePageasa"futurist",highlydetachedfromday-to-daybusinessdealings,andmorefocusedonmoon-shotprojects.WhilesomemanagersofAlphabetcompaniesspeakofPageasintenselyinvolved,otherssaythathisrareofficecheck-insare"akintoaroyalvisit".[81] 2019[edit] OnDecember3,2019,LarryPageannouncedthathewillstepdownfromthepositionofAlphabetCEOandwouldbereplacedbyGoogleCEOSundarPichai.PichaiwillalsocontinueasGoogleCEO.PageandGoogleco-founderandAlphabetpresidentSergeyBrinannouncedthechangeinajointblogpost,"WithAlphabetnowwell-established,andGoogleandtheOtherBetsoperatingeffectivelyasindependentcompanies,it'sthenaturaltimetosimplifyourmanagementstructure.We’veneverbeenonestoholdontomanagementroleswhenwethinkthere'sabetterwaytorunthecompany.AndAlphabetandGooglenolongerneedtwoCEOsandaPresident."[82] Otherinterests[edit] PageisaninvestorinTeslaMotors.[83]Hehasinvestedinrenewableenergytechnology,andwiththehelpofGoogle.org,Google'sphilanthropicarm,promotestheadoptionofplug-inhybridelectriccars[84][85][86][87]andotheralternativeenergyinvestments.[88]HeisalsoastrategicbackerintheOpenerstartupwhichisdevelopingaerialvehiclesforconsumertravel.[89] Pageisalsointerestedinthesocio-economiceffectsofadvancedintelligentsystemsandhowadvanceddigitaltechnologiescanbeusedtocreateabundance(asdescribedinPeterDiamandis'book),provideforpeople'sneeds,shortentheworkweek,andmitigatethepotentialdetrimentaleffectsoftechnologicalunemployment.[90][91] PagealsohelpedtosetupSingularityUniversity,atranshumanistthink-tank.[92] Googleisoneoftheinstitution'scorporatefounders[93]andstillfundsscholarshipsatSingularityUniversity.[94] Personallife[edit] In2007,PagemarriedLucindaSouthworthonNeckerIsland,theCaribbeanislandownedbyRichardBranson.[95]SouthworthisaresearchscientistandthesisterofactressandmodelCarrieSouthworth.[96]PageandSouthworthhavetwochildren,bornin2009and2011.[97][98] OnFebruary18,2005,Pageboughta9,000squarefeet(840 m2)SpanishColonialRevivalarchitecturehouseinPaloAlto,California,designedbyAmericanartisticpolymathPedroJosephdeLemos,aformercuratoroftheStanfordArtMuseumandfounderoftheCarmelArtInstitute,afterthehistoricbuildinghadbeenonthemarketforyearswithanaskingpriceofUS$7.95million.Atwo-storystuccoarchwayspansthedrivewayandthehomefeaturesintricatestuccowork,aswellasstoneandtileinCaliforniaArtsandCraftsmovementstylebuilttoresembledeLemos'sfamily'scastleinSpain.ThePedrodeLemosHousewasconstructedbetween1931and1941bydeLemos.[99][100][101][102][103]ItisalsoontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.[104]Page'ssuperyachtSenses,dockedinHelsinki In2009,PagebeganpurchasingpropertiesandtearingdownhomesadjacenttohishomeinPaloAltotomakeroomforalargeecohouse.Theexistingbuildingswere"deconstructed"andthematerialsdonatedforreuse.Theecohousewasdesignedto"minimizetheimpactontheenvironment."Pageworkedwithanarboristtoreplacesometreesthatwereinpoorhealthwithothersthatusedlesswatertomaintain.PagealsoappliedforGreenPointCertification,withpointsgivenforuseofrecycledandloworno-VOC(volatileorganiccompound)materialsandforaroofgardenwithsolarpanels.Thehouse'sexteriorfeatureszinccladdingandplentyofwindows,includingawallofsliding-glassdoorsintherear.Itincludeseco-friendlyelementssuchaspermeablepavingintheparkingcourtandaperviouspaththroughthetreesontheproperty.The6,000-square-foot(560m²)housealsoobservesothergreenhomedesignfeaturessuchasorganicarchitecturebuildingmaterialsandlowvolatileorganiccompoundpaint.[105][106][107][108] In2011,Pageboughtthe$45-million193-foot(59m)superyachtSenses.[109]Lateron,PageannouncedonhisGoogle+profileinMay2013thathisrightvocalcordisparalyzedfromacoldthathecontractedtheprevioussummer,whilehisleftcordwasparalyzedin1999.[110]Pageexplainedthathehasbeensufferingfromavocalcordissuefor14years,and,asofhisMay2013post,doctorswereunabletoidentifytheexactcause.TheGoogle+postalsorevealedthatPagehadmadealargedonationtoavocal-cordnerve-functionresearchprogramattheVoiceHealthInstituteinBoston.Ananonymoussourcestatedthatthedonationexceeded$20million.[111] InOctober2013,BusinessInsiderreportedthatPage'sparalyzedvocalcordsarecausedbyanautoimmunediseasecalledHashimoto'sthyroiditis,andpreventedhimfromundertakingGooglequarterlyearningsconferencecallsforanindefiniteperiod.[112] InNovember2014,Page'sfamilyfoundation,theCarlVictorPageMemorialFund,reportedlyholdingassetsinexcessofabilliondollarsattheendof2013,gave$15milliontoaidtheeffortagainsttheEbolavirusepidemicinWestAfrica.PagewroteonhisGoogle+pagethat"MywifeandIjustdonated$15million...Ourheartsgoouttoeveryoneaffected."[113][114][115][116] InAugust2021itwasrevealedthatPageholdsaNewZealandresident'svisaandhadtraveledtothecountryonamedivacflightfromFijiforhisson'streatmentinNewZealand,despiteNewZealandpromulgatinganactnottoallowanyoutsiderswhilefacingcriticalmomentduetoworsenedsituationacrossthecountryduetopandemic.TheflighttookplaceonJanuary12,2021.PagehadbeenlivinginFijiwithhisfamilyduringthedurationoftheCOVID-19pandemic.[117] Awardsandaccolades[edit] 1998–2009[edit] PCMagazinehaspraisedGoogleasamongtheTop100WebSitesandSearchEngines(1998)andawardedGoogletheTechnicalExcellenceAwardforInnovationinWebApplicationDevelopmentin1999.In2000,GoogleearnedaWebbyAward,aPeople'sVoiceAwardfortechnicalachievement,andin2001,wasawardedOutstandingSearchService,BestImageSearchEngine,BestDesign,MostWebmasterFriendlySearchEngine,andBestSearchFeatureattheSearchEngineWatchAwards.[118] In2002,PagewasnamedaWorldEconomicForumGlobalLeaderforTomorrow[citationneeded]andalongwithBrin,wasnamedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)'sTechnologyReviewpublicationasoneofthetop100innovatorsintheworldundertheageof35,aspartofitsyearlyTR100listing(changedto"TR35"after2005).[119] In2003,bothPageandBrinreceivedanMBAfromIEBusinessSchool,inanhonorarycapacity,"forembodyingtheentrepreneurialspiritandlendingmomentumtothecreationofnewbusinesses."[120] In2004,theyreceivedtheMarconiFoundation'sprizeandwereelectedFellowsoftheMarconiFoundationatColumbiaUniversity.Inannouncingtheirselection,JohnJayIselin,theFoundation'spresident,congratulatedthetwomenfor"theirinventionthathasfundamentallychangedthewayinformationisretrievedtoday."[121] In2004,PageandBrinreceivedtheGoldenPlateAwardoftheAmericanAcademyofAchievement.[122] PageandBrinwerealsoAwardRecipientsandNationalFinalistsfortheEYEntrepreneuroftheYearAwardin2003.[123] Alsoin2004,XPRIZEchosePageasatrusteeoftheirboard[124]andhewaselectedtotheNationalAcademyofEngineering.[citationneeded] In2005,BrinandPagewereelectedFellowsoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences.[125] In2008PagereceivedtheCommunicationAwardfromPrinceFelipeatthePrinceofAsturiasAwardsonbehalfofGoogle.[126] 2009–present[edit] In2009,PagereceivedanhonorarydoctoratefromtheUniversityofMichiganduringagraduationcommencementceremony.[127]In2011,hewasranked24thontheForbeslistofbillionaires,andasthe11thrichestpersonintheU.S.[2] In2015,Page's"PowerfulPeople"profileontheForbessitestatesthatGoogleis"themostinfluentialcompanyofthedigitalera".[128] AsofJuly2014,theBloombergBillionairesIndexlistsPageasthe17thrichestmanintheworld,withanestimatednetworthof$32.7billion.[129] Atthecompletionof2014,FortunemagazinenamedPageits"BusinesspersonoftheYear",declaringhim"theworld'smostdaringCEO".[130] InOctober2015,PagewasnamednumberoneontheForbes"America'sMostPopularChiefExecutives"list,asvotedbyGoogle'semployees.[131] InAugust2017,PagewasawardedhonorarycitizenshipofAgrigento,Italy.[132] References[edit] ^"Fortunes2020:LarryPage,Co-founder,Alphabet".LeadersLeague.RetrievedFebruary18,2021. ^abc"LarryPage".Forbes.January18,2020.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober29,2018.RetrievedJanuary18,2020. ^"LarryPage'shouseinPaloAlto,California".September8,2008.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly26,2016.RetrievedMay7,2016. 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Externallinks[edit] LarryPageatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsMediafromCommonsQuotationsfromWikiquote LarryPageatBloombergL.P. LarryPageonForbes Businesspositions Preceded byCompanyfounded CEOofGoogle1998–2001 Succeeded byEricSchmidt Preceded byEricSchmidt CEOofGoogle2011–2015 Succeeded bySundarPichai Preceded byCompanyfounded CEOofAlphabetInc.2015–2019 Succeeded bySundarPichai vteAlphabetInc.SubsidiariesCurrent Access GoogleFiber Calico CapitalG DeepMind AlphaFold AlphaGo AlphaGoZero AlphaStar AlphaZero Master MuZero WaveNet Google DoubleClick Firebase Fitbit Tenor Waze YouTube GV IsomorphicLabs SidewalkLabs Toronto Verily XDevelopment Waymo Wing Former BostonDynamics ChronicleSecurity Jigsaw Loon Makani MekaRobotics NestLabs RedwoodRobotics PeopleExecutivesCurrent SundarPichai(CEO) RuthPorat(CFO) Former LarryPage(CEO) SergeyBrin(President) DavidDrummond(CLO) BoardofdirectorsCurrent SergeyBrin JohnDoerr JohnL.Hennessy AnnMather AlanMulally LarryPage SundarPichai RamShriram RogerW.FergusonJr. Former EricSchmidt DianeGreene Others AndrewConrad TonyFadell ArthurD.Levinson DavidKrane RuthPorat AstroTeller Category  Companiesportal  Internetportal vteGoogle AlphabetInc. 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